Gmarah

Gmarah refers to the compilation of the Oral Torah, the Mishnah, and the Gemara. Together, these two parts form the Talmud, a central text of Rabbinic Judaism. The Mishnah, edited by Rabbi Judah the Prince around 200 CE, is a collection of legal and ethical teachings. The Gemara, which emerged from the discussions and debates of the great rabbinic academies in Babylonia and the Land of Israel, elaborates on the Mishnah. It provides analysis, interpretations, legal arguments, and historical narratives related to the Mishnah's contents.

There are two principal versions of the Gemara: the Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud (also known as the Palestinian Talmud). The Babylonian Talmud is considered more comprehensive and authoritative by most Jewish traditions. The Gemara is written primarily in Aramaic, with some Hebrew. Its study has been a cornerstone of Jewish intellectual and religious life for centuries, shaping Jewish law, theology, and culture. The process of studying the Gemara is often referred to as "Gmarah learning."