Glükoositasakaal

Glükoositasakaal refers to the physiological process by which the body maintains stable levels of glucose, or blood sugar, within a narrow range. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of all cells, particularly the brain, which relies heavily on glucose as its primary energy source.

Several hormones play key roles in regulating glucose homeostasis. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, such as muscle and fat cells, and by stimulating the liver to convert glucose into glycogen for storage. Glucagon, also produced by the pancreas, has the opposite effect, raising blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to break down stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. Other hormones like cortisol, adrenaline, and growth hormone can also influence glucose metabolism.

Disruptions in glucose homeostasis can lead to various health conditions. If the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin effectively, blood glucose levels can remain too high, a condition known as hyperglycemia, which is characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Conversely, excessively low blood glucose levels, or hypoglycemia, can occur due to various factors and can impair brain function and lead to serious health consequences. Maintaining proper glucose balance is therefore a vital aspect of overall health.