Gleitflüge

Gleitflüge, German for "gliding flights," refers to unpowered flight, typically achieved by an aircraft with wings that generates lift from its forward motion and air currents. This contrasts with powered flight, which relies on an engine for propulsion. Gliding flights can be undertaken by purpose-built gliders, which are launched from a tow plane or winch, or by aircraft that have lost engine power and are attempting an emergency landing.

The principles behind gliding flights are based on aerodynamics. The wings are designed to create lift, which counteracts the force of gravity. Air flowing over the curved upper surface of the wing travels a greater distance than air flowing beneath the flatter lower surface, resulting in lower pressure above the wing and higher pressure below, thus generating lift. While gliders themselves do not have engines, they can gain altitude by utilizing rising air currents. These can include thermals, which are columns of warm air rising from the heated ground, or ridge lift, created when wind is deflected upwards by a natural obstacle like a hill or mountain.

Gliding flights have historical significance, with early pioneers of aviation conducting many of their experiments using gliders. Today, gliding is a popular recreational activity and sport, offering a quiet and immersive way to experience flight. It is also an important training tool for pilots, as it teaches essential skills in aircraft control and understanding air currents. In emergency situations, pilots are trained to glide their aircraft to the safest possible landing site when engine power is lost.