Glandulas

Glandulas, or glands, are specialized structures in the body responsible for producing and releasing substances necessary for various physiological processes. These substances can be hormones, enzymes, or other chemicals that play critical roles in metabolism, growth, reproduction, and homeostasis. Glands are classified into two main types: exocrine and endocrine.

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that lead to the body’s external surfaces or internal cavities. Examples include sweat glands, which release sweat onto the skin to regulate body temperature, and salivary glands, which produce saliva to aid in digestion. These glands are typically connected to the surface via a duct system.

Endocrine glands, on the other hand, are ductless and release their secretions—primarily hormones—directly into the bloodstream. Key endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas. Hormones act as chemical messengers, influencing processes such as metabolism, stress response, and growth. For instance, the thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate energy and development, while the pancreas releases insulin to control blood sugar levels.

Glands can be found throughout the body, often embedded in tissues or organs. Some, like the pineal gland in the brain, have specialized functions, while others, such as the sebaceous glands in the skin, produce oils to maintain moisture and protection. Dysfunction in glandular activity can lead to hormonal imbalances or metabolic disorders, highlighting their essential role in maintaining overall health. Proper functioning of these structures is vital for sustaining bodily functions and responding to internal and external environmental changes.