Gizeh

Gizeh is a city in the Giza Governorate of Egypt, located on the west bank of the Nile opposite central Cairo and part of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area. The name is commonly used for the wider area around the Gizeh Plateau, where the best-known ancient monuments are found.

The Gizeh Plateau contains the Gizeh Pyramid Complex, including the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, along with the Great Sphinx. The complex also comprises surrounding temples and mortuary structures associated with the pyramids. A notable site nearby is the Solar Boat Museum, which preserves a well-preserved cedar boat recovered from a tomb pit near Khufu’s pyramid in 1954.

Construction of the three pyramids dates to the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, roughly 2580–2510 BCE, serving as royal tombs and ceremonial centers. The site has fascinated scholars for centuries and remains a primary focus of archaeological research and international collaboration.

In 1979, the Gizeh pyramid complex area was designated as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur, recognizing its global historical significance. Today, the area is a major tourist destination and a focal point for preservation efforts, with ongoing excavations, conservation programs, and regulatory measures administered by Egyptian authorities and international partners.