Ghostwriter

A ghostwriter is a writer hired to produce written work officially credited to another person. Ghostwriting is common in publishing, entertainment, politics, and business. The client often remains the public face of the work, while the ghostwriter supplies content, structure, and voice.

Works produced by ghostwriters include books, memoirs, articles, blogs, speeches, and screenplays. The engagement typically begins with a contract that defines scope, voice, confidentiality, and credit. The writer conducts interviews, researches, drafts, and revises in response to feedback.

Ghostwriters must imitate or adapt to the client’s writing style and expertise, requiring careful note-taking, fact-checking, and editing. They may help with outline creation and organization, as well as ensuring consistency across chapters or sections. The process often involves multiple rounds of revisions and fact verification to meet legal and accuracy standards.

Credit arrangements vary. Some ghostwriters are paid a flat fee or retainer; others receive royalties. Public attribution ranges from full credit to anonymous work, with phrases such as “ghostwritten by” or “as told to.” Ethical considerations include transparency about authorship, accuracy, and adherence to contract terms.

Historically, ghostwriting exists across centuries, including for speeches, private correspondence, and literary works. In modern times, celebrity memoirs and political speeches have driven demand, while the practice persists in various forms of media, corporate communications, and digital content. The line between ghostwriter and other writing partners can vary by contract, credit, and industry norms.