GhaggarHakra

The Ghaggar-Hakra is an intermittent river and ancient river system in South Asia, flowing through northwestern India and Pakistan. Its course is largely dry for most of the year, with water flow primarily occurring during the monsoon season. The system originates in the Shivalik Hills in Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows through Haryana and Rajasthan before entering Pakistan. Historically, it is believed to have been a mighty river, with its origins debated among scholars. Some theories suggest it was once a perennial river, potentially a tributary of the now-dried-up Sarasvati River, which is mentioned in ancient Vedic texts. Archaeological evidence, including settlements from the Indus Valley Civilization, has been found along its dried-up course, suggesting its importance in ancient times. The river system's intermittent nature and fluctuating course have made it a subject of considerable study and discussion in the fields of archaeology, geology, and history. Its drying up is thought to be linked to climatic shifts and tectonic activity over millennia.