Gesteinstyp

Gesteinstyp refers to the classification of rocks based on their origin and formation processes. Geologists categorize rocks into three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock, known as magma or lava. When magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, it forms intrusive igneous rocks with large crystals, such as granite. If lava cools quickly on the Earth's surface, it results in extrusive igneous rocks with fine-grained or glassy textures, like basalt or obsidian.

Sedimentary rocks are created from the accumulation and cementation of mineral and organic particles, or from the precipitation of minerals from water. These particles, called sediments, are derived from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks. Over time, layers of sediment are compacted and cemented together, forming rocks such as sandstone, shale, and limestone. Fossils are often found within sedimentary rocks.

Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing igneous, sedimentary, or even other metamorphic rocks are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions, without melting. These changes occur deep within the Earth or due to tectonic activity. The original rock's minerals and texture are altered, leading to new rocks like marble (from limestone) or slate (from shale). The specific type of Gesteinstyp is crucial for understanding geological history, resource exploration, and engineering applications.