Gespanns

Gespann (plural Gespanne) is a term used in German-speaking contexts to describe two or more animals, typically horses or oxen, that are harnessed to a vehicle and pull it. The term covers both the team of animals and the vehicle they pull. A pair of animals pulled side by side is called a Paargespann; a team of four is a Viergespann, and larger teams may include six, eight, or more animals depending on workload and tradition. The leading animals are guided by a driver, with additional team members following in a prescribed order.

In horse-drawn Gespannen, the harness includes a collar or breastcollar, traces, reins, and breeching, connected to a carriage, cart, sleigh, or farm implement. The lead animal sets pace and responds to the driver's signals; the wheel animals provide additional traction and power, while the wheelers help control and balance the vehicle on turns and slopes.

Historically, Gespanne were essential for agriculture, forestry, transportation, and military operations across Europe. With the advent of motorized vehicles, their everyday use declined, but they remain important in traditional farming, ceremonial processions, and sporting disciplines. In competitive driving, events for horse-drawn Gespanne cover recreation, dressage, marathon, and obstacle phases, governed by driving associations that set rules for equipment, safety, and team configuration.

Variations exist for oxen or other draft animals, as well as region-specific terms. The concept also appears in cultural heritage contexts, where teams of animals pull coaches or plows in demonstrations.