Germinasi

Germinasi is the process by which a plant embryo within a seed begins to grow. This crucial stage marks the transition from a dormant seed to a seedling. The process is initiated by favorable environmental conditions, primarily adequate moisture, oxygen, and temperature. Water is absorbed by the seed, a process called imbibition, which softens the seed coat and activates enzymes within the embryo. These enzymes then begin to break down stored food reserves, providing energy for the growing embryo.

The first visible sign of germination is typically the emergence of the radicle, the embryonic root, which anchors the seedling and begins to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Following the radicle is the plumule, which develops into the shoot, consisting of the embryonic stem and leaves. The specific requirements for germination can vary significantly between plant species. Some seeds require light to germinate, while others are inhibited by it. Temperature thresholds are also critical, with some seeds needing a period of cold stratification before they can germinate. Understanding germinasi is fundamental to agriculture and horticulture, allowing for optimized crop production and successful plant propagation.