Geologiska

Geologiska is the Swedish adjective meaning geological, used to describe topics related to geology. The science of geology investigates the Earth’s materials, structure, processes, and history. It encompasses the study of rocks, minerals, fossils, and the forces that shape the planet over time, from plate tectonics to climate evolution.

Core areas include mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, sedimentology, geochronology, geophysics, geochemistry, and paleontology. Historical geology focuses on Earth's history, while physical geology emphasizes present processes. Applied geoscience covers engineering geology, hydrogeology, environmental geology, and economic geology (resources).

Key methods are field mapping and sampling, petrographic analysis, radiometric dating, geophysical surveys, geochemical assays, and remote sensing. Integration with paleontology, stratigraphy, and tectonics helps reconstruct geological history and model future changes.

Applications span resource exploration and management, groundwater assessment, natural-hazards mitigation, land-use planning, and environmental monitoring. Geology also informs climate research, groundwater sustainability, and hazard preparedness.

Etymology: geologi derives from Greek geo- 'earth' and -logi 'study'; in Swedish geologiska describes things pertaining to geology.