Genotípusfrekvenciák

Genotípusfrekvenciák refers to the proportion of individuals in a population that possess a particular genotype. A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles present at a particular locus. For a gene with two alleles, say 'A' and 'a', there are three possible genotypes: AA, Aa, and aa. The genotípusfrekvenciák for these genotypes would be the number of individuals with AA divided by the total population size, the number with Aa divided by the total population size, and the number with aa divided by the total population size, respectively. These frequencies sum to one.

Studying genotípusfrekvenciák is fundamental to understanding population genetics and evolutionary processes. Changes in genotípusfrekvenciák over time can indicate that evolutionary forces such as mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, or natural selection are acting on the population. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a theoretical model that describes a population where genotípusfrekvenciák remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of these evolutionary forces. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can therefore be used to infer the presence and strength of these forces. Genotípusfrekvenciák are also important in applied fields like medicine, for example, in assessing the risk of genetic diseases within a population.