Gemologia
Gemology is the science and practice concerned with gemstones, including their identification, authentication, evaluation, and certification. It covers natural, synthetic, and treated varieties and serves the jewelry industry, collectors, and researchers. The discipline draws on mineralogy, crystallography, chemistry, physics, and gem-cutting knowledge to determine a stone’s properties and provenance.
Typical assessments include determining whether a gem is natural or lab-grown, natural or imitation, and whether
Diamonds and colored stones are evaluated with grading systems. Diamonds are graded by the four Cs: carat
Certification and naming are provided by gemological laboratories (for example GIA, AGTA, IGI) and professional bodies.
History: gemology emerged from antiquarian gem lore but developed into a scientific discipline in the 19th