Geluisterd

Geluisterd is the past participle of the Dutch verb luisteren, which means to listen. It is primarily used with the auxiliary hebben to form perfect tenses, indicating that the act of listening has been completed. For example, ik heb geluisterd naar muziek means I have listened to music.

In present perfect constructions, geluisterd is placed after the object of luisteren, typically with the preposition naar: ik heb naar een podcast geluisterd, wij hebben naar het nieuws geluisterd. The simple past form is luisterde, as in ik luisterde naar haar verhaal.

Geluisterd can also appear in passive-like constructions with a suitable agent phrase: het lied is door velen geluisterd, meaning the song has been listened to by many. This uses the past participle in a passive arrangement without the infinitive, similar to other Dutch perfect-passive forms.

Geluisterd is distinct from horen in meaning. Horen refers to perceiving sound in general, while luisteren emphasizes intentional listening or paying attention. The participle gehoord is used for the act of having heard something, whereas geluisterd focuses on the activity of listening to something specific.

Examples:

- Ik heb naar een podcast geluisterd.

- Zij heeft naar de radio geluisterd.

- Het nummer is door velen geluisterd.

Usage notes:

- Geluisterd occurs with hebben in perfect tenses; about the simple past, luisterde is used.

- It typically governs a prepositional object (naar iets luisteren) rather than a direct object.