Gekeerde

Gekeerde is a Dutch term that appears primarily as an archaic or dialectal form of the past participle of the verb keren, meaning turned, inverted, or reversed. In standard modern Dutch, the common forms are gekeerd or omgekeerd, so gekeerde is now relatively rare and tends to be found in historical texts, regional speech, or stylistic uses that evoke older language.

Etymology and forms: Gekeerde is formed with the prefix ge- attached to the verb keer, followed by the suffix -de, reflecting historical Dutch spelling patterns. This contrasts with gekeerd, where the participle ends with -d rather than -de, a difference that mirrors shifts in orthography over time.

Attested usage: In Middle Dutch and early Modern Dutch, gekeerde functioned as a participial adjective meaning “turned” or “turned over.” In contemporary writing its use is uncommon and usually signals quotation, scholarly editing, or dialectal coloration. When present, its meaning aligns with the broader sense of being turned, inverted, or reversed, similar to omgekeerd, but with an archaic or regional nuance.

See also: omgekeerd, omgekeerde, inverted or reversed in other context. In discussions of Dutch historical linguistics, gekeerde may be cited as an example of older phonology and spelling patterns that have largely been superseded in modern standard Dutch.