Gefäßspasmen

Gefäßspasmen, also known as vasospasmen, refers to the sudden, involuntary constriction of a blood vessel. This narrowing reduces blood flow through the affected vessel. Gefäßspasmen can occur in arteries, veins, or capillaries, and can affect various parts of the body, including the brain, heart, and extremities.

The causes of gefäßspasmen are diverse. In some cases, they can be triggered by emotional stress, cold temperatures, or certain medications. Underlying medical conditions such as migraines, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or Raynaud's phenomenon can also lead to gefäßspasmen. The exact mechanism is not always fully understood, but it often involves the smooth muscle layer within the blood vessel wall contracting abnormally.

Symptoms of gefäßspasmen depend on the location and severity of the event. Cerebral vasospasm, occurring in the brain, can manifest as sudden, severe headache, neurological deficits like weakness or speech difficulties, or even stroke. Coronary vasospasm affecting the heart can cause chest pain (angina). Peripheral vasospasm in the limbs might result in numbness, tingling, or a feeling of coldness.

Diagnosis typically involves medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as angiography or Doppler ultrasound to visualize blood flow and vessel diameter. Treatment aims to relieve the spasm, improve blood flow, and address any underlying causes. Medications like calcium channel blockers are commonly used to relax the blood vessel walls. Managing triggers and treating associated conditions are also crucial aspects of care.