Geenotüübi

Geenotüübi refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, essentially the complete set of genes it possesses. This is distinct from the organism's phenotype, which is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics. The genotype determines the potential traits an organism can express, but environmental factors also play a significant role in shaping the final phenotype.

Genes are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for building and operating an organism. These genes are inherited from parents, with offspring receiving a combination of their mother's and father's genetic material. The specific arrangement and variations of these genes constitute an individual's genotype. Alleles are different versions of the same gene, and the combination of alleles an organism has for a particular gene contributes to its genotype.

Understanding genotype is crucial in various fields, including genetics, medicine, and agriculture. For example, identifying specific genotypes can help predict an organism's susceptibility to diseases or its potential for certain agricultural yields. Genetic testing analyzes an individual's genotype to identify predispositions or diagnose genetic disorders. In evolutionary biology, changes in the genotype of populations over time are the basis for evolution.