Geeliejärjestelmät

Geeliejärjestelmät, often translated as gel electrophoresis systems, are laboratory instruments used to separate molecules based on their size and charge. This technique is fundamental in molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry. The core principle involves applying an electric field across a gel matrix, typically made of agarose or polyacrylamide.

Molecules, such as DNA fragments, RNA, or proteins, are loaded into wells within the gel. When the electric current is applied, charged molecules migrate through the gel pores. Smaller molecules generally move faster and travel further than larger ones, as they can navigate the matrix more easily. Similarly, molecules with a stronger charge will migrate at a higher velocity.

The gel acts as a sieve, allowing for the separation of molecules based on these size and charge differences. After the electrophoresis run, the separated molecules can be visualized using various staining techniques or by employing fluorescent labels. This allows researchers to analyze the composition of a sample, identify specific molecules, and determine their relative abundance. Geeliejärjestelmät are essential tools for DNA sequencing, gene cloning, protein analysis, and diagnostic testing.