Gaugeteori
Gaugeteori, or gauge theory, is a framework in physics and mathematics for describing fields and interactions that are invariant under local transformations of internal degrees of freedom, known as gauge symmetries. In physics, gauge theories model interactions as exchanges of gauge bosons, which arise to preserve local symmetry when matter fields interact with gauge fields.
At the core, the gauge principle requires that equations be invariant under local changes of certain internal
Electromagnetism is the simplest gauge theory, based on the abelian group U(1). Non-abelian gauge theories use
Mathematically, gauge theory is formulated with connections on principal bundles. The gauge field is a connection
Historically, Weyl proposed gauge invariance in 1918, Yang and Mills extended it to non‑abelian symmetries in