GABAérzékeny

GABAérzékeny is a biological descriptor used in neurobiology to denote cells, tissues, or processes that respond to gamma-aminomethyl but not? No, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. Sensitivity to GABA depends on the presence and configuration of GABA receptors, mainly GABA_A and GABA_B receptors, as well as the intracellular chloride gradient that determines whether GABAergic signaling hyperpolarizes or depolarizes the cell. GABA_A receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels that mediate fast inhibitory transmission, while GABA_B receptors are metabotropic and produce slower, longer-lasting inhibition via G proteins and second messengers.

GABAérzékeny neurons or circuits help regulate excitability, shape synaptic integration, and contribute to network stability in brain regions such as the cortex and hippocampus. In the developing nervous system, the intracellular chloride concentration can be high, causing GABAergic signaling to be depolarizing rather than hyperpolarizing; this developmental shift is a key aspect of GABA sensitivity during maturation.

Pharmacologically, the term appears when a cell or tissue responds to GABA or is modulated by GABAergic drugs, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or baclofen. Dysfunctions in GABAergic sensitivity have been associated with disorders such as epilepsy, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and some features of schizophrenia. Research on GABAérzékeny mechanisms involves electrophysiology, receptor expression studies, and pharmacological assays to understand inhibitory control and its implications for brain function and disease.