Füllmaterialien

Füllmaterialien, also known as filler materials or simply fillers, are substances added to other materials to impart specific properties, reduce cost, or improve processing. They are typically inert or have minimal reactivity with the base material. The choice of filler depends heavily on the intended application and the desired characteristics of the final product.

In plastics, fillers are widely used to enhance mechanical strength, increase stiffness, improve dimensional stability, and reduce shrinkage. Common examples include calcium carbonate, talc, glass fibers, and carbon black. These fillers can also affect the electrical and thermal properties of the plastic. For instance, conductive fillers like carbon black or metal powders can be added to make plastics electrically conductive.

In paints and coatings, fillers are used to control gloss, improve opacity, increase viscosity, and reduce the amount of more expensive binder. Pigments like titanium dioxide are often considered a type of filler, although they also provide color. Extenders such as barium sulfate or kaolin clay are also frequently employed.

The construction industry utilizes fillers in concrete and asphalt to reduce costs and improve workability and strength. Sand, gravel, and fly ash are common examples. In sealants and adhesives, fillers can improve rheology, reduce shrinkage, and enhance adhesion.

The particle size, shape, surface chemistry, and concentration of the filler all play a critical role in its performance. Surface treatment of fillers is often necessary to ensure good compatibility and bonding with the matrix material.