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Fällungsreaktionen

Fällungsreaktionen, also known as precipitation reactions, are chemical processes in which two dissolved ions in a solution react to form an insoluble solid, known as a precipitate. This solid typically appears as a cloudy or opaque substance in the solution. The reaction can be represented by a chemical equation, where the ions combine to form a compound that is insoluble in the given solvent, usually water.

The driving force behind a fällungsreaktion is the formation of a compound with a lower solubility product

Fällungsreaktionen are commonly used in analytical chemistry for the identification and quantification of ions in solution.

In some cases, the precipitate may redissolve if the conditions change, leading to a reversible fällungsreaktion.

(Ksp)
than
the
individual
ions.
The
solubility
product
is
a
measure
of
the
tendency
of
a
compound
to
dissolve
in
a
solvent.
When
the
product
of
the
concentrations
of
the
ions
in
solution
exceeds
the
Ksp
of
the
compound,
precipitation
occurs.
They
are
also
employed
in
various
industrial
processes,
such
as
water
treatment
and
metal
extraction.
The
formation
of
a
precipitate
can
be
influenced
by
factors
such
as
temperature,
pH,
and
the
presence
of
complexing
agents.
This
can
be
useful
in
certain
applications,
such
as
in
the
control
of
ion
concentrations
in
solution.
However,
in
many
cases,
the
reaction
is
irreversible,
and
the
precipitate
remains
in
the
solution
as
a
solid.