Fullmakt

Fullmakt is a legal instrument by which a principal authorizes another person to act on the principal’s behalf in legal, financial, or administrative matters. The term is used in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark and roughly corresponds to the English “power of attorney” or “mandate.”

Fullmakter can be general or limited in scope, and can be durable (lasting if the principal becomes unable to decide) or non-durable. Common purposes include managing bank accounts, paying bills, signing contracts, handling real estate transactions, and representing the principal in dealings with authorities or companies. The document should specify the tasks granted and any limits.

Creation typically requires writing; it must identify the principal and the agent, describe the scope and duration, and be signed by the principal. Some actions require additional formalities such as notarization, certification, or registration with banks or public authorities. The agent must act only within the defined authority.

Revocation and termination: The principal may revoke the fullmakt at any time by notifying the agent and relevant third parties. It ends on the principal’s death or upon expiry of the term if specified. Where a durable fullmakt exists, additional rules about incapacity may apply; in practice, some Nordic systems use guardianship arrangements for incapacity instead.

Practical considerations: The agent has fiduciary duties and may be liable for exceeding authority or misconduct. Institutions should be informed of changes or revocation. Before granting, the principal should assess needs, scope, and potential risks and consider seeking legal advice.