Frymëmarrjeje

Frymëmarrjeje, meaning "breathing" in Albanian, refers to the physiological process by which organisms exchange gases with their environment. This exchange is essential for life, as it involves the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide. In most terrestrial animals, including humans, breathing is facilitated by lungs, a pair of spongy organs located in the chest cavity. The process involves two main phases: inhalation (or inspiration), where air is drawn into the lungs, and exhalation (or expiration), where air is pushed out.

The mechanics of breathing involve the diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles between the ribs. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, and the intercostal muscles contract, lifting the rib cage. These actions increase the volume of the chest cavity, causing a drop in pressure within the lungs, which draws air in. During exhalation, these muscles relax, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and forcing air out.

In aquatic organisms, gas exchange often occurs through gills, specialized structures that extract dissolved oxygen from water. The efficiency of breathing varies greatly across different species, reflecting their adaptations to diverse environments and metabolic needs. Disruptions to normal breathing patterns can indicate various health issues and are a significant area of study in medicine and biology.