Frizzens

Frizzens are components of flintlock firearms’ lock mechanisms. A frizzen is a hardened steel plate mounted on the lock, which covers the priming pan. When the weapon is cocked and fired, the flint in the hammer strikes the frizzen, producing a shower of sparks. The impact also causes the frizzen to pivot away from the pan, exposing the priming powder so the sparks can ignite it. The resulting flame travels through the touch hole to ignite the main powder charge.

Mechanism and function are closely tied to the pan assembly. The frizzen is spring-loaded to snap back after the strike, helping seal the pan to protect the priming charge from weather and to direct the flame into the barrel. The shape and curvature of the frizzen influence spark production and reliability, and many designs aim to shed or direct sparks toward the pan.

Materials and construction vary, but most frizzens are made of hardened steel, sometimes with an iron body and a steel striking face in older examples. The frizzen face is typically hardened to resist wear from repeated strikes, and the assembly includes the frizzen, a pivot or hinge, and a frizzen spring. Some designs feature a curved or scooped face to improve spark delivery.

Historical context and use: flintlock mechanisms emerged in the 17th century and remained common into the 19th century. The frizzen was a key element in reliable ignition, with European makers developing a range of shapes and engagement angles. While percussion systems eventually supplanted flintlocks, frizzens are still found in antique firearms and modern replicas, requiring periodic maintenance to prevent corrosion and binding.