Freikirche

Freikirche is a umbrella term used in German-speaking regions for Protestant churches and denominations that operate independently of the established state churches. These congregations are typically self-governing and funded by voluntary contributions from their members. They often cooperate in associations or federations, but retain autonomy over local church life, leadership, and doctrine.

Common features include an evangelical orientation, emphasis on the authority of the Bible, personal faith, and mission. Practices and theology vary among individual congregations and movements within the freikirchlich tradition. Many groups emphasize believers’ baptism, congregational or elder-led governance, and a strong emphasis on evangelism and social engagement. However, the range of beliefs within Freikirchen means that some communities may differ on governance, baptism practice, and doctrinal details.

In the German-speaking countries, Freikirchen are represented by several networks and denominations. In Germany, notable bodies include the Bund Evangelisch-Freikirchlicher Gemeinden (BEFG) and the Freie evangelische Gemeinden (FeG). In other countries, such as Austria and parts of Switzerland, similar free church groups operate under parallel conventions. Although freikirchliche Gemeinden are independent of state churches, they may still participate in ecumenical dialogue and receive public recognition or church tax treatment in some jurisdictions.

Historically, the freikirchliche movement emerged in the 19th century as Protestant groups sought church governance independent of state structures and emphasized revival, mission, and congregational autonomy. Today it represents a diverse landscape of Baptists, Evangelical Free churches, and related congregations united by an emphasis on voluntary church life and evangelical outreach.