Fotovoltainen

Fotovoltainen refers to the photovoltaic effect, a physical and chemical phenomenon where certain materials generate an electric voltage and current when exposed to light. This effect is most commonly observed in semiconductor materials, particularly silicon. When photons from sunlight strike these materials, they can excite electrons, freeing them from their atomic bonds. These free electrons, along with the "holes" they leave behind, can then be directed by an internal electric field within the semiconductor to create a flow of electrical current.

The conversion of light energy into electrical energy via the photovoltaic effect is the fundamental principle behind solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells. These cells are the building blocks of solar panels, which are used to generate electricity for a variety of applications, from powering small electronic devices to supplying entire homes and grids. The efficiency of a photovoltaic material in converting light to electricity is a key factor in the performance of solar cells. Research continues to focus on developing new photovoltaic materials and improving existing technologies to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and increase the sustainability of solar energy generation. The term "fotovoltainen" itself is a direct translation or adoption of the concept from other languages, emphasizing the light (foto) and voltage (voltaic) aspects of the phenomenon.