Fotooxidation

Fotooxidation refers to the chemical degradation of a substance caused by exposure to light. This process involves the absorption of photons, which energizes molecules and can lead to their breakdown or transformation. The rate and extent of fotooxidation depend on several factors, including the intensity and wavelength of the light source, the chemical structure of the substance, and the presence of sensitizers or catalysts.

In organic materials, fotooxidation can manifest as discoloration, loss of mechanical strength, and brittleness. For example, plastics and textiles exposed to sunlight often exhibit signs of degradation due to this process. In biological systems, fotooxidation plays a role in processes like photosynthesis, where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy. However, it can also be detrimental, leading to damage to cellular components like DNA and proteins, particularly when reactive oxygen species are generated.

The study of fotooxidation is important in various fields, including materials science, environmental chemistry, and photobiology. Understanding these mechanisms helps in developing strategies to prevent or mitigate unwanted degradation, such as using UV stabilizers in plastics or developing protective measures against excessive light exposure. Conversely, it also aids in harnessing light-induced reactions for beneficial purposes, like in photocatalysis.