Fotoalérgicos

Fotoalérgicos refers to individuals who experience an allergic reaction to light, specifically ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This condition is a form of photodermatosis, where exposure to sunlight or artificial UV sources triggers an immune system response. The reaction typically manifests as a rash, itching, redness, or blisters on the sun-exposed areas of the skin. These symptoms can appear hours or even days after sun exposure and may persist for some time.

There are several subtypes of fotoalérgicos conditions, with the most common being photoallergic contact dermatitis. This occurs when a substance, such as a medication or cosmetic ingredient, becomes allergenic after exposure to UV light, and then triggers an immune response upon subsequent exposure. Idiopathic solar urticaria is another form where hives develop rapidly after sun exposure without an identifiable external trigger. Polymorphous light eruption is a more generalized sensitivity to light that can cause various types of skin lesions.

Diagnosis often involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes phototesting, where the skin is exposed to controlled amounts of UV radiation to reproduce the reaction. Management focuses on photoprotection, including avoiding sun exposure, using broad-spectrum sunscreens, and wearing protective clothing. In some cases, oral or topical medications may be prescribed to manage the symptoms.