Foszforilációjával

Foszforilációjával translates from Hungarian to English as "by its phosphorylation." This term refers to the biochemical process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule. Phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism in cellular biology, playing a crucial role in a vast array of biological processes. It acts as a switch, activating or deactivating enzymes, signaling pathways, and the function of proteins.

This process is primarily carried out by enzymes known as kinases, which catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group, typically from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to a substrate molecule. The substrate can be a protein, a lipid, a carbohydrate, or another small molecule. The addition of a phosphate group can significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of the target molecule, influencing its shape, charge, and interactions with other molecules.

Phosphorylation is involved in energy metabolism, where it's essential for the breakdown and storage of energy. It's also a key component of cellular signal transduction, allowing cells to respond to external stimuli and communicate with each other. Furthermore, it plays a vital role in processes such as DNA replication, cell division, and muscle contraction. The reversibility of phosphorylation, often mediated by enzymes called phosphatases that remove phosphate groups, is equally important for regulating cellular activity. The precise control of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing diseases.