Foszfoglicerátkináz

Foszfoglicerátkináz (phosphoglycerate kinase) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the glycolytic pathway, which is a fundamental process for cellular energy production in most organisms. It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, forming 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP. This reaction is a key step in the energy-yielding phase of glycolysis and contributes to the cell’s overall energy generation by producing ATP, the primary energy currency in living cells.

The enzyme is a member of the kinase family, characterized by its ability to transfer phosphate groups. Foszfoglicerátkináz is highly conserved across different species, including bacteria, plants, and animals, indicating its essential biological function. In humans, it exists as two isoforms: a cytosolic form involved in glycolysis and a mitochondrial form with roles in energy metabolism within mitochondria.

Structurally, foszfoglicerátkináz is a globular protein that typically consists of two domains, which facilitate substrate binding and catalysis. Its activity is influenced by factors such as substrate concentration, pH, and the presence of allosteric effectors.

Mutations in the gene encoding foszfoglicerátkináz can lead to metabolic disorders, such as phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency, a rare inherited condition characterized by hemolytic anemia and muscle weakness. The enzyme's activity is also a target for research in cancer metabolism, where altered glycolytic flux is a common feature.

In summary, foszfoglicerátkináz is a vital enzyme in cellular energy metabolism, linking glycolysis to ATP production and supporting various physiological functions across different organisms.