Flodbølger

Flodbølger, often translated as tsunamis, are a series of exceptionally large waves caused by sudden, large-scale disturbances of the ocean. The most common cause is undersea earthquakes, particularly those occurring at subduction zones where one tectonic plate slides beneath another. These events displace a vast volume of water, generating waves that can travel across entire oceans at high speeds. Other triggers include underwater volcanic eruptions, landslides that fall into the sea, and, more rarely, asteroid impacts.

When a tsunami approaches shallower coastal waters, its speed decreases, but its height dramatically increases. This phenomenon is due to the conservation of energy; as the wave's speed reduces, its energy is concentrated into a taller wave. The destructive power of a tsunami comes not just from the height of the waves but also from the immense volume of water they carry and the force with which they inundate the land.

The term "flodbølge" is Danish and directly translates to "flood wave," accurately describing the inundating nature of these events. While commonly referred to as tidal waves, this term is misleading as tsunamis are not related to tides, which are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. The impact of a tsunami can be devastating, causing widespread destruction to coastal communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Early warning systems and effective evacuation plans are crucial for mitigating the loss of life and damage associated with these natural phenomena.