Fistüllerin

Fistüllerin is the genitive plural form of the Turkish noun fistüller, meaning “of the fistulas” or “the fistulas.” In medical terminology, a fistula (plural fistüller) is an abnormal channel that forms between two epithelial surfaces, such as between an internal organ and another organ, or between an organ and the skin.

Fistulas commonly arise from infection and inflammation, with perianal fistulas often developing after a perianal abscess. Other etiologies include inflammatory bowel disease (notably Crohn's disease), diverticular disease, prior surgery, radiation therapy, trauma, and malignancy. The abnormal tract may drain externally, internally connect lumens, or both, leading to recurrent infections or discharge.

Types vary by location. Anal fistulas (fistula-in-ano) are among the most frequent in adults. Enteric fistulas connect segments of the intestine or the bowel to other tissues or the skin. Vesicovaginal, rectovaginal, and tracheoesophageal fistulas involve the urinary, reproductive, or respiratory tracts. Symptoms are site-dependent and may include discharge, pain, skin irritation, urinary leakage, or malodorous drainage.

Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and imaging, such as MRI, fistulography, CT, or ultrasound, sometimes supplemented by endoscopy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and fistula type; it often requires drainage of infection, antibiotics, and definitive surgical repair. Recurrence risk varies with complexity and disease process.