Finantsasutuse

A finantsasutus is an organization that provides financial services to individuals, businesses, or public sector entities. It can accept deposits, lend money, manage payments, or offer investment, insurance, or asset-management services. The core function of a finantsasutus is financial intermediation: mobilizing savings from one party and allocating capital to those who need funds, while also facilitating payments and managing various risks in the economy.

Common types of finantsasutused include banks and other credit institutions that take deposits and issue loans; insurance companies that provide risk protection and related products; investment firms and asset managers that handle securities and portfolios; pension funds and mutual funds; as well as payment service providers and microfinance institutions. Some institutions focus on wholesale clients or specialized activities, while others serve retail customers.

Regulation and supervision are essential for finantsasutused. They are typically licensed and subject to prudential requirements, reporting obligations, and conduct rules to protect consumers. Anti-money laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) controls are standard, alongside measures to ensure financial stability and market integrity. Supervisory authorities monitor solvency, risk management, governance, and compliance with laws.

In Estonia and many other jurisdictions, the financial sector is overseen by national authorities such as the central bank and a dedicated financial supervisory body. These authorities license institutions, monitor risk, oversee consumer protection, and coordinate supervision across banking, insurance, and investment activities.