Fertlization
Fertilization is the process by which male and female gametes fuse to form a new diploid organism. In sexual reproduction, males produce sperm, which are motile gametes, and females produce ova, which are larger, non-motile gametes. Fertilization typically occurs when a sperm cell successfully penetrates an ovum. This fusion of genetic material from both parents results in a zygote, the first cell of a new individual.
The process involves several stages. First, sperm must reach the ovum. This often requires overcoming barriers,
After the sperm nucleus fuses with the ovum nucleus, their chromosomes combine. This restores the diploid number