Fennmaradva

Fennmaradva is a Hungarian verbal adverbial participle formed from fennmaradni, meaning to remain or to survive. The form literally means “having remained” and is used to express a circumstance that accompanies or explains the action in the main clause. In translation it is often rendered as “having remained” or “having survived.”

Formation and usage: The participle is built from fenn- as a prefix related to continuation or remaining, combined with maradni (to stay) and the adverbial participle suffix -va, producing fennmaradva. It is most common in written Hungarian, especially in formal or literary prose. It can introduce a subordinate clause or appear at the start of a sentence to provide background information. The construction indicates that a particular state existed prior to the action of the main verb, creating a background condition for the clause that follows.

Grammatical notes: Fennmaradva is not a finite tense form; it conveys a circumstantial, background, or sequential nuance similar to English “having remained/survived.” The tense of the main verb sets the temporal frame for the sentence, while fennmaradva signals the preceding state or event. It tends to be less frequent in casual speech and more typical of narrative or analytic writing.

Examples: Fennmaradva a háború pusztításától, az ország megkezdte az újjáépítést. Translation: Having survived the devastation of the war, the country began rebuilding. Fennmaradva a korábbi adatoktól, a kutatók új következtetésre jutottak. Translation: Having remained from the earlier data, the researchers reached a new conclusion.

See also: Hungarian participles, adverbial participles, complex sentence construction.