Feilsvelging

Feilsvelging, also known as aspiration, is the entry of foreign material into the airway, specifically below the vocal cords. This material can include food, liquid, saliva, or stomach contents. It is a common occurrence, especially in infants and the elderly, and can lead to a variety of complications.

The act of swallowing is a complex process involving numerous muscles and nerves. When this process is impaired, such as due to neurological conditions, muscle weakness, or anatomical abnormalities, the risk of feilsvelging increases. Factors that can contribute to feilsvelging include impaired gag reflex, poor coordination of swallowing muscles, and reduced consciousness.

The immediate consequence of feilsvelging can be choking, characterized by coughing, gagging, and difficulty breathing. If the foreign material is not expelled, it can obstruct the airway, leading to asphyxiation. Beyond immediate obstruction, aspirated material can also lead to aspiration pneumonia, an infection in the lungs caused by bacteria from the oral cavity or stomach. Symptoms of aspiration pneumonia include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.

Diagnosis of feilsvelging often involves clinical assessment, including observing the swallowing process and evaluating the patient's ability to manage secretions. Medical imaging techniques, such as videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), can provide more detailed information. Management strategies focus on preventing further feilsvelging through modifications in diet consistency, feeding techniques, and in some cases, medical or surgical interventions to improve airway protection. Rehabilitation through speech-language pathology is often a key component of treatment.