Fasefordeling

Fasefordeling, in an electrical context, refers to how electrical loads are distributed among the phases of a polyphase system, most commonly a three‑phase system. The voltages in a three‑phase system are 120 degrees apart, and the currents in each phase are labeled phase A, phase B, and phase C (or L1, L2, L3).

A balanced phase distribution means the loads on the three phases are equal in magnitude, resulting in similar currents and, ideally, very little current in the neutral conductor. An unbalanced phase distribution occurs when one or more phases carry more load than the others, causing unequal currents, voltage variations, and potentially a noticeable neutral current in four‑wire installations. Phase imbalance can increase losses, cause overheating in transformers and motors, and reduce overall efficiency and equipment life.

Phase sequence, or phase rotation, describes the order of the phases (for example L1-L2-L3 or R-S-T). Correct phase rotation is important for equipment such as motors, which rely on a specific rotating magnetic field to start and run properly.

Practical management of fasefordeling involves distributing single‑phase loads across the three phases to improve balance, using load monitoring and, where needed, phase‑balancing equipment. In larger installations, engineers design distribution boards and connections to minimize imbalance and ensure stable voltages across all phases. Standards and guidelines in electrical installations address monitoring, balancing, and safe operation of multiphase systems.