Fagosomi

Fagosomi, also known as phagosomes, are membrane-bound vesicles formed within cells as part of the phagocytic process. This process is primarily carried out by specialized cells called phagocytes, which include macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. The term "fagosomi" is derived from the Greek words "phagos" meaning to eat, and "soma" meaning body. The formation of fagosomi is a crucial step in the immune response, allowing cells to engulf and digest foreign particles, such as bacteria, viruses, or cellular debris.

The phagocytic process begins when a phagocyte recognizes a foreign particle through its surface receptors. The cell then extends pseudopods, which are temporary projections of the cell membrane, to surround and engulf the particle. The enclosed particle, along with the surrounding membrane, forms a phagosome. The phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, which are organelles containing digestive enzymes. This fusion creates a phagolysosome, where the contents of the phagosome are broken down into smaller molecules.

The phagolysosome is an acidic environment due to the presence of lysosomal enzymes. These enzymes degrade the engulfed material, allowing the cell to process and eliminate the foreign substance. The breakdown products are then transported out of the cell or recycled for other cellular processes. The entire process of phagocytosis, from the formation of the phagosome to the degradation of its contents, is essential for maintaining the body's immune defense and overall health.