FGFR4

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4, commonly known as FGFR4, is a protein encoded by the FGFR4 gene. It belongs to the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, which are transmembrane tyrosine kinases. These receptors play crucial roles in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. FGFR4, in particular, is predominantly expressed in the liver and is involved in liver development and function.

The primary ligand for FGFR4 is FGF19, a hormone produced by the ileum that regulates bile acid metabolism. This interaction between FGF19 and FGFR4 forms a critical endocrine signaling pathway. When FGF19 binds to FGFR4, it triggers a cascade of intracellular events that ultimately influence the expression of genes involved in bile acid synthesis. This pathway is important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

Dysregulation of FGFR4 signaling has been implicated in various diseases. In the context of cancer, aberrant FGFR4 expression or activating mutations have been observed in several tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and prostate cancer, where it can promote tumor growth and progression. Consequently, FGFR4 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target, with ongoing research focused on developing inhibitors to block its activity in these diseases. Understanding the normal physiological roles of FGFR4 and its involvement in pathological conditions is crucial for advancing both basic science and clinical applications.