FCGRT

FCGRT, also known as the Neonatal Fc Receptor, is a protein encoded by the FCGRT gene in humans. This receptor plays a crucial role in the transport of antibodies, specifically IgG, across various biological barriers. It is primarily expressed on the surface of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, as well as on cells in the placenta, gut, and other tissues.

The main function of FCGRT is to mediate the active transport of maternal IgG antibodies from the mother to the fetus across the placenta during pregnancy. This process is vital for providing passive immunity to the newborn infant. Following birth, FCGRT continues to protect IgG from degradation, thereby extending its half-life in circulation. This ensures that IgG antibodies remain available to combat pathogens throughout the body.

Beyond its role in maternal-fetal transfer and IgG homeostasis, FCGRT is also involved in the immune response by facilitating the transport of IgG into other tissues and secretions. This includes the transport of IgG into breast milk, providing further passive immunity to nursing infants. Disruptions in FCGRT function can have significant implications for immune development and defense against infections. Research into FCGRT continues to explore its therapeutic potential in various autoimmune diseases and infectious conditions.