Exoprocesses

Exoprocesses are geological and geomorphological processes that occur on the surface of a planet or celestial body. They are driven by external forces, primarily solar energy and gravity, and contrast with endogenic processes which originate from within the planet. Exoprocesses shape the landscape through a variety of mechanisms.

Weathering is a key exoprocess, involving the breakdown of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth's surface. This can be physical, such as frost wedging or abrasion by wind-blown particles, or chemical, involving reactions with water, oxygen, or acids. Erosion is the subsequent transportation of weathered material. Agents of erosion include water (rivers, oceans, glaciers), wind, and gravity.

Deposition is the process by which eroded material is laid down in a new location. This can form features like deltas, sand dunes, and moraines. Volcanic eruptions and tectonic uplift, while endogenic in their origin, can also influence exoprocesses by creating new landforms that are then subject to surface forces.

The interplay of exoprocesses is crucial in determining the long-term evolution of a planet's surface. On Earth, these processes have created a diverse range of landscapes, from vast deserts to intricate river systems. Understanding exoprocesses is vital for fields such as geology, geography, and planetary science, helping us to interpret planetary histories and predict future surface changes.