Excons

Excons is shorthand for ex-convicts or former inmates—people who have served a criminal sentence and were discharged from prison or jail. The term is used across criminology, law, and media, though it can carry stigmatizing overtones.

In many countries, ex-convicts face ongoing challenges during reintegration, including maintaining employment, securing housing, and regaining civil rights. Social stigma, limited networks, and limited access to services can increase the risk of disconnection from employment and support systems.

Employment and licensing are common barriers. Criminal records can limit eligibility for jobs, professional licenses, and public benefits; background checks can restrict housing and education access; parole or probation requirements can constrain mobility and activities.

Policy and reform efforts aim to improve reentry outcomes and reduce recidivism. Approaches include record-sealing or expungement, "ban the box" policies that limit early job screening, supported housing, access to substance use and mental health treatment, and job-readiness programs. Evidence suggests that stable employment, housing, and treatment contribute to lower recidivism.

The scope and outcomes of ex-con reentry vary widely by jurisdiction and program. In the United States, recidivism rates are generally high within a few years of release, though measurements vary by study and time frame. International examples show different patterns depending on social support systems and criminal justice practices.