Excitovaných

Excitovaných is a Czech inflected form of the participial adjective excitovaný, used in technical Czech to describe something that has been raised to a higher energy level, particularly in physics and chemistry. The term is borrowed from English excited and from Latin excitare (to awaken or provoke). In Czech, excitovaný describes an object or state that has undergone excitation, and excitovaných appears in phrases such as "stav excitovaných částic" to denote "excited states."

In physics and chemistry, excitation is the process by which a system gains energy, for example by absorption of a photon, collision, or thermal energy. This raises electrons to higher energy levels or promotes other internal degrees of freedom. Excited states are typically short-lived, relaxing back to the ground state through radiative processes (emission of photons) or non-radiative processes (heat dissipation, internal conversion).

In spectroscopy and photophysics, excitations determine absorption and emission spectra. Transitions from excited states give characteristic spectral lines, and the analysis of lifetimes and quantum yields provides information about the electronic structure and environment. Lifetimes range from femtoseconds to milliseconds depending on the system and surroundings.

Terminology notes: the noun excitace denotes the process of exciting a system; "excitovaný" is the basic adjective, with "excitovaných" being one inflected form used in sentences. The concept is central in quantum chemistry, solid-state physics, and materials science.