Etüleenid

Etüleenid, also known as alkenes, are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Their defining characteristic is the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond in their molecular structure. The simplest etüleenid is ethene (also known as ethylene), which has the chemical formula C2H4. This molecule consists of two carbon atoms joined by a double bond, with each carbon atom also bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The presence of the double bond significantly impacts the chemical reactivity of etüleenid compared to their saturated counterparts, alkanes. This double bond can undergo various addition reactions, making etüleenid valuable as building blocks in organic synthesis. Beyond ethene, the etüleenid family includes longer hydrocarbon chains with one or more double bonds, such as propene (C3H6) and butene (C4H8). These compounds are widely used in the petrochemical industry, with ethene being a primary feedstock for the production of polyethylene, one of the most common plastics globally. The reactivity of the double bond also makes etüleenid important in the synthesis of various other chemicals, including alcohols, epoxides, and polymers.