Etäpesäkkeiksi

Etäpesäkkeiksi is a Finnish term that translates to "metastases" in English, referring to the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to other parts of the body. This process, known as metastasis, is a critical factor in cancer progression and significantly impacts prognosis.

Metastasis occurs when cancer cells detach from the original tumor, invade surrounding tissues, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and then travel to distant sites. Once at a new location, these cells can form secondary tumors, or metastases. The development of metastases is a complex, multi-step process involving various molecular and cellular changes within the cancer cells and their microenvironment.

Common sites for metastasis include the lungs, liver, bones, and brain, though the pattern of spread can vary depending on the type of primary cancer. Detecting and treating metastases is a major challenge in oncology. Imaging techniques such as CT scans, MRI, and PET scans are used to identify the presence and location of secondary tumors. Treatment strategies often involve a combination of therapies, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, aimed at controlling or eliminating the metastatic disease. Understanding the mechanisms of metastasis is crucial for developing more effective treatments and improving patient outcomes.