Etäpesäkeet

Etäpesäkkeet, also known as metastases, are secondary malignant tumors that develop in a location distant from the primary tumor. This process, called metastasis, is a hallmark of advanced cancer and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths.

The development of metastases is a complex multi-step process. Cancer cells first invade the surrounding tissues, then enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system. From there, they travel to distant organs or tissues. Once they arrive, they can establish a new tumor by proliferating and forming new blood vessels to support their growth. Common sites for metastasis include the lungs, liver, bones, and brain, but the specific sites can vary depending on the type of primary cancer.

Detecting and treating metastases is crucial in cancer management. Diagnostic methods include imaging techniques like CT scans, MRI, and PET scans, as well as biopsies. Treatment strategies depend on the type and stage of cancer, the location of the metastases, and the patient's overall health. Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Understanding the biology of metastasis is an active area of research, aiming to develop more effective ways to prevent and treat this life-threatening complication of cancer.