Ettevõtlusklaster

Ettevõtlusklaster, often translated as business cluster or enterprise cluster, refers to a geographical concentration of interconnected companies, suppliers, service providers, and associated institutions in a particular field. These entities are located in close proximity to each other, fostering collaboration and competition. The concept was popularized by Michael Porter, who highlighted how clusters can enhance productivity, drive innovation, and stimulate the formation of new businesses.

The key characteristic of an ettevõtlusklaster is the synergistic relationship between its members. This proximity facilitates the flow of information, knowledge, and skilled labor, reducing transaction costs and accelerating learning. Companies within a cluster often share specialized infrastructure, access to a common talent pool, and a supportive ecosystem of research institutions, universities, and government agencies. This environment can lead to specialized supply chains and a highly skilled workforce tailored to the industry's needs.

Examples of well-known clusters include Silicon Valley for technology, Hollywood for entertainment, and the fashion districts of Milan and Paris. In Estonia, various sectors have seen the development of such clusters, contributing to the country's economic growth and competitiveness. The success of an ettevõtlusklaster depends on factors such as strong local demand, the presence of supporting industries, and an environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship.