Eteenivetyyliryhmä

Eteenivetyyliryhmä, also known as the vinyl group or ethenyl group, is a functional group with the chemical formula C2H3. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon substituent derived from ethylene (C2H4) by the removal of one hydrogen atom. The structure consists of a carbon-carbon double bond attached to a hydrogen atom and a larger molecular fragment. This double bond is the defining characteristic of the vinyl group, making it a reactive and versatile moiety in organic chemistry.

The vinyl group is a common building block in the synthesis of polymers. For instance, the polymerization of vinyl chloride (chloroethene) yields polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a widely used plastic. Similarly, the polymerization of vinyl acetate leads to polyvinyl acetate (PVA), found in adhesives and paints. Other important vinyl polymers include polystyrene and polypropylene. The presence of the double bond allows for addition polymerization reactions, where monomers link together to form long chains.

Beyond polymerization, the vinyl group participates in various organic reactions, including addition reactions across the double bond, such as hydrogenation, halogenation, and hydrohalogenation. It can also undergo cycloaddition reactions and electrophilic attack. The electron-rich nature of the double bond makes it susceptible to reactions with electrophiles. The vinyl group's reactivity and its ability to form stable polymers have made it a cornerstone of industrial chemistry and materials science.