Et3SiH

Et3SiH, or triethylsilane, is an organosilicon hydride used as a mild hydride donor in organic synthesis. The molecule contains a silicon-hydrogen bond bonded to three ethyl groups, giving a relatively non-nucleophilic, air-sensitive silane with moderate volatility. In practice, it serves as a source of hydride under catalytic or electrophilic conditions, delivering hydrogen to substrates while allowing selectivity that can be challenging with stronger hydride reagents.

Common applications include the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols, and its use as a hydrosilane reagent in catalytic hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes to form organosilicon products. It is frequently employed under transition-metal catalysis and in fluoride-activated silane systems, with conditions varying by substrate and desired transformation. Compared with more reactive silanes, Et3SiH is milder and often more chemoselective, though this can require longer reaction times or higher catalyst loadings.

Et3SiH is commercially available and widely used in laboratories and industry as a convenient hydride source. It should be handled with care due to flammability and potential moisture sensitivity, and it is typically stored under inert atmosphere. Safety considerations include avoiding contact with skin and eyes, working in a well-ventilated area, and keeping it away from strong oxidizers.

Related topics include hydrosilane chemistry and hydrosilylation, where Et3SiH serves as a representative reagent for transferring hydride or contributing silicon-containing moieties in catalytic cycles.